- Indo-European tribes moved into the Italian peninsula and some settled along the Tiber River creating the city-state known as Rome
- The etruscan people, from the east, had settled in the north of Italy and were also
- Each year the Senate elected two rules, consuls, who each served a term of one year
- as in the Greek City-States, the romans would appoint a single dictator in times on war or conflict
- mixed government of patricians and plebeians had many of the checks and balances that modern democracies have today
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